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Information Technology Alfabetization
Project for Hospitals
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Daniel Soro Tecnico Superior en Laboratorio. Lic. en Informatica Educativa, Miembro del Grupo BioLinux, Argentina. |
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Antecedentes:
The success of the implementation of the new technologies of the information in health depends oto a great extent on thepenetration and knowledge of the intermediate and final users of these technologies.
Under this premise its essential to form these users in the handling of the NTIC (New Technologies of the Information)
In special the benefits that offer the new services to discover advantages and opportunities. So that something could be used and applied to solve problems, it must be known and give clear answer to the following question:
What I get with this?
To understand and interpret the nowadays society, understand which are their demands, to satisfy those demands, its a great dare for the teaching establishment and to insert the NTIC in the society its also a dare for them. The new technologies of information and of communication allow to improve the quality and productivity of the services of health.
Sanitary organizations have not discovered the new options and alternatives that are opened yet, because they start from a false supposition: that the personnel who is going to administer the services has the capacities and abilities necessary to take advantage of the new tools. They are manifest in the following aspects:
The real use of the NTIC (New Technologies of the Information)
• They have a weakness penetration in the hospital population that makes difficult the development of them.
• The new Systems are designed without considering the necessities of the users (average and final).
As a teacher we have to understand the demand and to assume the commitment of identification of the causes that originate the ignorance of the use of new technologies, to accelerate solutions where each one has the power to act, recovering the desire of learn and pasion for the education.
The workers of the health in all their modalities, professionals, technicians, administratives, like doctors, nurses, technicians,administratives,of maintenance, contracted personnel, students, do not understand the true reach that the NTIC have in the health and in the improvement that could reach in the quality of atention to the people using these technologies right. Although there is great interest in the personnel of the hospitals to understand the phenomenon of new technologies, its not reflected in the worry of the local authorities nor in the superior levels of direction, to organize and to invest in courses of capacitation of the personnel. The few attempts of capacitation have started from the own users with scarces success because of the shorts courses almost without practice in PC and sometimes with a not comprehensible level for the people who are not accustomed to use new technologies.
The primacy of the technologies of the information and comunication.
According to Reed Hundt, president of the Federal Commission of Communications of the United States, "exists thousands of buildings in this country with million people in them who do not have telefone, nor television by cable, nor with a reasonable perspective of services of broadband ", he said. "they are called schools". (Gates 1996:186).
If this happens in the developed world what we can hope for the rest of the world, although in this aspect there is a light.
This light, is an initiative of the MIT that promotes the use of free software to lower the price of costs and to approaching technologies to a bigger amount of people. The details of the plan.
It was already said by Nicholas Negroponte during the Davos World-wide Economic Forum. The founder and president of the prestigious Media Laboratory of the Institute of technologies of Massachussetts (MIT) said that he want to create a computer of u$s100 with the intention of making the emergent countries technologicaly explode.
This premise is part of the notebook dream by the MIT to reduce the digital breach between countries.The computer is going to be based in the Linux operating system, it is going to have color screen of 12” designed by the MIT, USB ports in abundance, 500 Mhz and 1 GB, according to the institution announcement indications.
Brief Introduction
In order to develop the present project we left from some experiences made until present, in some institutions and also based on other similar projects from different coutries like the Meeting of Extremadura of Spain one or the Edulinex project of Chile.
The development of this informatical alfabetization experimental proyect in hospitals must be based on free operating systems because they would save by a side money in Licenses for the estate and from the other side it give us technologic independence from the central countries.
This does not mean that we must close the doors to the propietary software, is about doing the best suitable with the juncture of the moment.
With respect to the users this alfabetization does not have to be compulsive, it is must be directed to the people who ask for it and who consider it necessary for their professional and personal development.
Process:
• Direct alfabetization upon the intermediate and final users.
• Alfabetization through a formative action in a maturative process,it is mean that each student is maturing the knowledge as he is acquiring them and in the measurement that those knowledge are appropriate by the students, goes to a new stage, the formative action., all these actions are design in workshop form.
• End users training, (doctors, nurses, technicians, administratives, maintenance, students.)
• Purpose of the process, is that the end user perceives the opportunities that the NTIC offer for their daily work.
The effects looked for with alfabetization in new technologies they are to elevate the degree of self-esteem of the people, by the simple fact of the correct handling of these technologies, generation of new spaces of identity, to produce a multiplying effect, to transmit the acquired ability among other people of its surroundings.
Identification of problematical situations to solve:
• Low level in the use of informatical tools.
• Rejection of the hospitable community to use the new tools.
• To generate a confidence atmosphere in the use of the NTIC.
• To motivate the intermediate users (technical equipment) to face new challenges.
• To change the identity of a burocratic service and foreign to the necessities of the people by a new model based on the preoccupied for the people.
Identification of the people to where is directed the project:
• Professionals doctors, nurses, technicians, administratives, maintenance, contracted, students.
Awaited Results:
• Correct use of the tools for part of the personnel of the hospital.
• To generate new lines of work in the society of information with the purpose of reusing the experience of alfabetization in other hospitals and different sectors of the population.
• Informatization of all the processes of the services in short time.
• To obtain 50% of end users in four years.
• To provide the participants a new focus to approach to the analysis of the reality and to solve problems.
• To recognize the process of teaching- apprenticeship in interdisciplinary areas.
• To project the innovating knowledge to the practice.
Responsible people:
Name |
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Contemplate acts in the proyect:
a) Design and organization of the project of informatical alfabetization .
• Fixing objectives and possibilities.
• Fixing actions and priorities of the alfabetization action.
b) Determination of processes and contains for the development of the formative action.
• Design of contents, methodology, and general procedures.
• Determination of the equipment of alfabetitians and its training.
• Selection of the place where is restored the classroom of alfabetization.
• Development of the technological alfabetition actions.
c) Configuration of a virtual classroom in Internet.
• Determination of the formatives necessities of the group.
• Adecuation of the informatical tools.
• Design of the experimental action.
Design and organization of the project of informatical alfabetization:
Fixing objectives and possibilities.
• Alfabetization through a formative action in a madurative process, it mean that each student is maturing the knowledge as he is acquiring them and in the measurement that those knowledge are appropriate by the students, goes to a new stage the formative action., all these actions are design in a workshop form.
• So that the New Technologies of information could be applied is precise, as Vázquez Gómez(1987)mark, that certain basics requirements were fulfilled, such as to count with a suitable fundamentation in antropological, culturals and educatives models that favor an appropriate intervention,besides of a suitable formation of the professors and other specialists of education.
Determination of processes and contents for the development of the formative action:
Design of contents, methodology, and general procedures.
To find mechanisms that generate solidarity, collaboration and approaches to a equality sociocultural. The education situation is complex, each student is a singular being and the learning process is not linear,it is accumulative therefore implies a constant reestructuration of conduct guidelines. For that reason the plan must be a specific proposal for a determined situation and it must provide a flexible orientation frame for the task of the classroom. The educative activity has own characteristics that originate a certain type of relation between the plans and the reality, although the freedom is not absolute, since the first instance it is limited to the curricular lineaments, at the level of the group whereupon the practica extends, the specific situations that are provoked and its own theoretic bases.
The idea consist in that the teaching staff is participative with the rest of the community, interchanges proposals, elaborates interdisciplinary projects and they even get to arm networks for transformation without losing of view the articulation between the process and the product.
Reflection: about all the aspects that the educational practice entails, to reconsider from the institute the integrity of the parts, through the cooperation and collaboration, whose activities are not isolated, they are integrated, from the different areas. The conflict is going to enrich the innovations, and is from this point where we also must reflect, since it is a liberate of tensions where the meetings or assemblies serve to expose the critical points, debated, listened and valued to arrive at a consensus. This is going to permit to arrive to the change, in a respectful form and is going to strengthen the teaching staff. In relation to the knowledge, obtain an abstraction of sense and meaning the information, through activities, proposals and interactions, having in account the previous knowledge, but projecting towards a future. That give place to the development of subjectivities, reflect about this to find it the meaning, since it does not import the amount of experience, it mean how it was elaborated and processed, this experience related to the knowledge woul be transformer.
General Objetives:
• To improve the teaching process and learning with the incorporation of the informatic resource within the framework of an innovator process.
• To apply Information Technology in Health like an innovating process.
• To apply Education in Information technology.
• To assure the development of the Informatic field in the Health area.
• To recognize the advantages and disadvantages of new technologies of information technology and comunication.
Specific Objectives:
• To obtain a global appreciation of the possibilities that the computers offer.
• To know different useful programs and their application in the health.
• To solve problems using the computer as a resource.
• To provide participants new tools to approach to the analysis of the reality and to solve problems.
• To offer the participants Information Technology Culture .
• To offer the participants basic tools for the use of the main informatic technology technologies .
• To project the innovating knowledge to the the health practice.
Actions that compose the Project:
The structure appears in five stages under the didactic of the seminary and the course-workshop.
In order to approach the contents it counted with an exclusive selection of readings that allowed to create the necessary frame of reference to outline the problems of the field and its reflection, as well as a series of technology pratices that make possible direct experiences with these aforementioned objects of the knowledge to the participants.
The final works will be constitute from the problems of the participants interest which will be raised and in its case solved with support of the work of the people in charge whose functions turn round between organization, coordination, consultancy and technician support.
We will identify the project like:
Introduction to the use of Information Technology.
Specific Objectives.
* Introduction to the information technology, description and presentation of the computer and its periphericals.
• Operating systems: handling of windows and menus. Accessories: handling of words and images processors.
• Handling of text processor and calculation list.
• Use different utilitarian in the area of health .
Essential Operations
I. Observation and diagnosis of the problem.
II. Plan the possible solution to the problem.
III. Put the project in practice.
IV. Evaluate and correct the project.
3) Purpose of the essential operations.
I. Diagnose and isolate the problem correctly.
II. Arm the tool for the solution of the problem.
III. Effected the transference of the knowledge.
IV. Correction of the errors or possible deviations of the project.
Purpose of the specific objectives
1. Develop abilities with the informatics tools.
2. Unfolding in the use of the text processor.
3. Evaluate the reach of the different tools.
4. Reflect about the repercusion of the information technology in the community.
5. Relate the technology to the different disciplinary areas .
6. Exchange information between the students.
To apply the innovating projects in the scope of work.
Approximate times for the requirement.
Observation and diagnosis of the problem 16 hours cátedra.
To project the possible solution to the problem 32 hours cátedra.
Block 1: Introduction to the hardware 16 hours cátedra.
Block 2: Operating systems 14 hours cátedra.
Block 3: Text processors 14 hours cátedra.
Block 4: Calculate lists 14 hours cátedra.
Block 5: Internet handling 16 hours cátedra.
Evaluate and correct the project 14 hours cátedra
Total of cátedra hours 136
Responsibilities according to the functions
• Titular is in charge to select the subjects, prepare the practice works and to impart the theorics.
• Assistant is in charge of the maintenance of the information technology classroom, attend the students in the practeces.
Necessary Elements:
It is propose to use the distribution of the Edulinux operating system. This solution, based in K12-Linux, use a powerful computer (servant) to take advantage of old computers or low characteristics that themselves cannot use modern applications.
This way with only a single powerful computer we could use hardware material that is in disuse at the moment and then achieve a major benefit with the minor cost in hardware and software.
Specifically, EduLinux is being using to take advantage of old computers installed in 1997 and 1998, and in this way to improve the Internet access (p.ej. Web, Mail) and to the desk applications (p.ej. OpenOffice). Besides, it is permanently observed the evolution of the international projects of open code in education, that are in development in countries of all the continents.
Model of Function. |
• Exists a equipment called “Servant" who centralizes all the process. Only in this equipment could be installed software. • Exists 1 or more "clients" who usually are PC's of low characteristics. • The PC's client do not require operating system neither software, they can start by the network, or with a diskette. • Whenever a client initiates, he immediately connects the servant. • The PC's client can work without hard disk and CD-ROM. An intensive use of the network takes place (the use of switch is recommended). |
Minimum Requirements:
Servant: CPU 1900 MHZ (Pentium IV or equivalent), 40 GB of hard disk of 7200 rpm, 250 MB RAM and 80 MB more for each client to connect.
Clients: CPU superior Pentium I or, 16 MB RAM, 1 MB of video, network card, diskettera.
Local Network: It is recommended the use of switch of network 10/100 Mbps for the connection of clients to the servant.
Requirements for the project:
a)1 Servant: CPU 1900 MHZ (Pentium IV or equivalent), 40 GB of hard disk of 7200rpm, 250 MB RAM and 80 MB more for each client to connect.
b)10 Pentium I or superior, 16 MB RAM, 1 MB of video, network card, diskettera.
c) 1 Local Network: with switch of network 10/100 Mbps for connection of clients to the servant
d) 1 C43 Epson Printer or superior.
e) several cartridges for C43 Epson printer or superior.
f) several reams of a4 paper.
Approximated cost of the operation
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Glossary:
• NTIC (New Technologies of the Information)
• MIT (Media Laboratory of the Institute of Technology of Massachussetts)
Consulted Bibliography:
Litwin, Edith. Educative Technology . Politics, Histories, Proposals. Paidos.
Marc, And Picard, D. The Social Interaction. Culture, Institutions and Comunication.. Paidos 1969. B.A.
Jasimzhanov To Z. H. Kelbuganov. The Culture Of The Thought, Lihuel Moscú Editions, Politiazt, 1981
Bisquera, R. METHODS OF EDUCATIVE INVESTIGATION : Practice Guide, CEAC Editions, Barcelona, 1998
Cohen, L. & Manion, L . RESEARCH METHODS IN EDUCATION. Croom Helm Edit., Beckenham, Great Britain, 1985
Kerlinger, F . BEHAVIOR INVESTIGACION,. Interamerican Edit., Mexico, 1985
http://www.nccextremadura.org
http://www.guadalinex.org
http://www.edulinux.cl/
GNU Free Documentation License |
Translation: Cintia Soro
Publication: September 2005
This document is published under the FDL license
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License, by its Spanish acronym. Version 1.2, November 2002)
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